Tuesday, December 11, 2012

Final Learning and Performance Evaluation



English 111

Steven Brandon

Jay Saunders

12/10/12

 

Final Learning and Performance Evaluation

 

This has been an exciting semester, in which we have learned much.  As based off of the learning outcomes paper, I can say that I believe I have successfully completed the goals of this course.  We have covered a great deal of information, and learned quite a bit.  I believe the self evaluation effectually demonstrates this.

First we will start with the writing process.  What is the writing process?  There are many ways to describe it; but for this paper the best definition is this- the writing process is a series of six steps in which one starts from scratch, and ends up with a written, proof-read and published paper.  In English class, we learned the six steps of the ideal writing process, how to put them into practice, and some various techniques for using the steps.  The six steps of the writing process are: prewriting, drafting, revising, proof-reading and editing, publishing and reviewing.  We also learned many ways to draft.  This included drafting in sections and drafting in class.  Drafting in sections is when you draft your paper one segment at a time, and then stopping after a segment is compete and proof reading what you have already written.  When we drafted in class, we focused on using familiar styles, and them changing them into what we wanted our paper to end up as.  However, before starting to draft, you must pre-write.            

 Pre-writing is the act of researching and finding out all of the information for your paper.  This includes looking up sources on the internet, and finding books in the library.  This also includes putting together an outline.  After pre-writing and drafting, comes revision, which is going over your paper and working out all of the major kinks.  Most of this is just rearranging your paper, sentences and making sure your thesis matches the rest of your paper.  We have also learned many ways to proof read, which is fixing the skin deep surface flaws.  One of the ways is to leave your paper for a while, the longer the better, and come back to it later to read it with a different mindset.  Another idea is to read it out loud.  This helps you recognize the mistakes, as you come across them.  Reading slowly also helps locate mistakes.

Now that you have a revised, well-written, and supported paper, it is time to publish it.  Bringing your work to the world can be performed many different ways.  The ones we covered in our class were blogging, and handing them into our teachers.  When we blogged, we set up an account and posted our work there.  When we turned our homework into our teachers, we just printed it out and gave it to them.  The last step in the writing process, and sometimes the most skipped, is the reviewing stage.   This step consists of taking your paper after it has been published and looking back over it, seeing if you could improve it anymore.  These six steps are of course the ideal process, but does my actual writing process look like this?  Coming into this class I had a writing process, but it was not nearly developed.  The process I learned in high school was actually very close to the one taught here at J Sergeant Reynolds, but did not delegate points.  One of these points was pre-writing.  In high school I had performed pre-writing without knowing what I was doing because the teachers gave it to us as homework.             

Now, in college, I know the value, name and reason for pre-writing.  Even though I see the reason for the research, I sometimes do less pre-writing because I have less time.  By this I mean that I have more activities, like work, and am a poor time manager.  Because of this lack of pre-writing, my papers sometimes turn put for the worst.  As far as drafting is concerned, I believe that I am very much the same.  By this, I mean that I usually sit down and draft all at once.  I do this because I often need the motivation that the pressure of the due date provides.  I am trying to work on this by applying one of the techniques we learned in class, drafting in segments.  I am working on this because I believe my papers will benefit from this practice.  It also helps with forcing yourself to have more time with pre-writing.

 In English 111, we have also learned about citing sources, people, when to cite and how to cite.  One of the examples I have provided for this is my second paper.  In this paper, I have cited all of my sources as in-text citations, as well as including a bibliography at the end of the paper that cites all sources used in MLA format, the current format that is preferred by most non-historical professors.  One of the criteria for English 111 is to prove yourself a man of integrity.  I believe I have done this.  One has just to take a look at my cited sources, to see that I have cited what I have used. 

In English 111, we are also learning about communication.  The two types of communication we learned about are oral communication and written communication.  In oral communication we learned about how your stance influences the message and that the relaxed position is feet shoulders width apart and hands behind back.  We also learned about maintaining the proper distance between yourself and the other speaker.  I demonstrated this in class by conversing with three others in the correct, relaxed position at the proper space.  In addition to our oral communication, we also studied written communication.  This included the sentence types: IC, FANBOYS IC, IC, because IC, if IC, then IC and although IC, actually IC.  We also covered introductory phrases, conjunctional adverbs, prepositional phrases and dependent clauses.  I must admit that this is probably my weakest point in this class.  I have trouble with it because when I am writing, I get on a roll with a good idea and I want to put it down on paper before I forget it.  Because of this, my sentence structure sometimes suffers. 

Another criteria of the learning outcome is knowing how to use digital technologies as well as old fashioned paper.  I believe I have excelled at this as demonstrated of my mastery of the blog.  At first, this blog was very difficult for me because I was not used to publishing electronically.  In high school, I had done very little on the computer, but this class helped to develop these basic, necessary skills.

In this class, I have also learned about rhetoric.  One of the points drilled into my mind was the rhetorical triangle.  This triangle is how three groups relate to each other.  You have the author, who crafts a message to the audience.  The author crafts a message to persuade the audience to take a certain course of action.  The audience’s job is to provide feedback to the author, letting him know if he was successful or not.  This is proved useful to me because it reminds me of the fact that the author always has an agenda in mind and reminds me that I must approach information critically. 

I have learned much in this class that I will be able to apply to my life and hope I have persuaded you with my message that I have done the work to deserve a worthy grade.

 

 

Second History Paper


Jay Saunders

History 111

Tom deMayo

 

The Crusades

 

 

Violence and religion are two things which radically shaped the culture during the Middle Ages.  A major example of this is the Crusades.  The Crusades were a series of campaigns, and their goal was recapturing the Holy Land.  It was the year 1095, and Pope Urban II called a meeting.  At this meeting, he announced how the church had fallen from its heights, and how it was now being beating down by the wickedness of the world.  This meeting was attended by three hundred and ten bishops and abbots.  These clergy were motivated to reclaim the Holy Land.  Before Pope Urban II addressed retaking the Holy Land, he talked about revival in their own land.  After persuading them to purge their own lands of evil, he went on to describe how their brothers in the Holy Land were crying out for help in pain from the oppression of the Muslims.  In the words of Charles Oman, there were “many complicated impulses, religious, commercial, and political,” (AoWMA p.232) reasons that led to the Crusades.  The Pope entreated the nobles to fight. He also said that God would be pleased, and that he, the Pope, would forgive their sins.  Along with the appeal, Urban II reminded them that they were not going as mercenaries, but that they were going as God’s shepherds, salt, and light.  What, then, did these crusades accomplish?  The main accomplishments were that the Crusades brought western civilization into contact with the eastern world, vastly improving their scientific knowledge and riches; they also led to additional trade and commerce (WB) between the east and the west, and relieved the pressure and constant bickering in the west.  The soon to be crusaders were also told that if they failed, it would be on their own heads.  They would be excommunicated, and their sins would not be forgiven.  After the meeting was over, the attendees were told to go and spread the word about the war.          

The word was spread, and thousands of Europeans prepared for what we now know as the First Crusade.  The number of warriors that went was truly amazing.  One of the reasons that so many went, was because of the promise of the forgiveness of sins.   Another, more worldly reason, was that the soldiers had the chance to become wealthy.  Many also went because those going were permitted, nay, commanded, to sew a cross on their clothes.  This cross was a mark of great pride and prestige to the soldiers; it also served as a morale booster.  It gave confidence to the men wearing it, because it was considered a sign of victory over death.  I also believe that this sign might have been chosen, because of Justinian’s success in battle; he had the same sign painted on his soldier’s shields.  With this sign of victory embroidered upon them, the soldiers soon set out.  There was, however, a problem, and this was that the soldiers lacked a leader.  No country would let another lead.  This soon led to a less organized, and less effective army.  Another problem was that some groups of warriors came upon Jewish settlements, and thought to themselves why go all the way to the Holy Land to kill nonbelievers when there are some here that we can kill.  So they started sacking Jewish towns and settlements.  The rabble of soldiers eventually did make it down to the Holy Land, and reconquered Jerusalem.  When they conquered Jerusalem, they killed all who looked like Muslims even if they were Christians, because they could not communicate very well and were blood-thirsty.  The first Crusade was the most successful, but the Turks did retake the Holy Land.  The other most notable crusades are the Childrens Crusade, and the Fourth Crusade. 

The Childrens Crusade involved a group of boys who went to try and recapture the Holy Land.  This Crusade did not even make it to the Holy Land.  The children died on the way to the Mediterranean, or were captured and sold into slavery by the boatmen they had contracted to carry them across the Mediterranean.  The Fourth Crusade is remembered for the crusaders not having enough money to pay for ship passage.  So the Venetians offered free passage if they would sack a rival city.  These Crusaders sacked Zara.  They also sacked Constantinople instead of fighting the Turks.  None of the other crusades were very successful.  Most resulted in large numbers of soldiers dying at the hands of the enemy, or retreating back to safety.         

What, then, did these crusades achieve?  One of the main actions that they supported was teaching western civilization about their eastern counter parts. This vastly enhanced their scientific knowledge, and increased their riches.  It amplified their riches by increasing trade and commerce, (WB) between the east and the west territories.   They also served was to relieve pressure.  It accomplished this by turning their focus outward instead of where it had been, on their neighbor’s castle.  The crusades had many effects, such as bringing eastern riches to the west, raising awareness of new lands, and portraying Christians in a very shocking light.  The soldiers that were supposed to be fighting this battle for the Lord, were actually going to kill, steal and become rich off of others.  This hurt the Christian religion because the people who claimed to be Christ’s followers, clearly, did not follow His teachings, but their own worldly desires.  The First Crusaders also forced many to become Christians, or at least profess Christianity with their mouth.  This was forced upon them when Jerusalem was captured. 

            ‘Stated broadly, the problem which was started in 1096, and lasted till 1291, was whether feudal Europe, with the military customs and organization whose development we have been tracing, would prove strong enough to make a permanent lodgment in the East, or perchance to make good the whole of the ancient losses which Christendom had suffered at the hands of the Saracen and Turk from the days of Heraclius to those of Romanus Diogenes.” (AoWMA p.233)  Clearly, the Crusades shaped the culture of the time in many ways.  Even though they failed at their intended purpose, the Crusades left a mark upon the coulters during this time.

 

           
                             

 
 

Works cited

 

 

 

Oman, Charles William Chadwick, and Charles William Chadwick Oman. A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages. 378-1278AD. Vol. One. London: Greenhill, 1991. Print.

(AoWMA)

Reilly, Kevin. Worlds of History: A Comparative Reader. Fourth ed. Boston [etc.: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. Print

(WoH)

 

Queller, Donald E. "Crusades." World Book. 2001 ed. Vol. 4. Chicago: World Book, 2001. 1159-162. Print.

(WB)

 

 

 

Sunday, December 9, 2012

Notes

Here are some of my class notes. I would say one of the pieces of information that I will take away from this class is the note taking process I have started to developed. When I started my notes were very inefficient due to their cluttered stated, but now thanks to you I have them laid out in a more organized order.  I know they still need some work, especially organizing them in my binder, but they now have dates, class names, and my name, as well as a place for homework, and assignments.  Here are just a few of my notes.
You can tell that this page was written before we covered note making, by the lack of the date at the top.  It is also missing the class name, and mine.  We have the rhetorical triangle here as well.
 
 
On this page the assignments are clearly displayed at the top above the line. 
 
 
 
We covered note making during this class.
 


 

The next three pages demonstrate some
 of the drafting we did in class.


 












 

 
Oh look, here we have the ideal writing process.
 
 
 
 
 

Grammatically Correct Sentences


 Here are some sentences we took from out first paper, and converted them into the grammatically
correct sentences types we learned in class.
 

   There have been many cultures throughout the ages, and all of them have unique traits.  It is hard to
study many of them, because they lack primary sources.  If we look at the  most notable differences
between civilizations, then we see what the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Hindu societies
considered a good life to consist of.  Was it lead by religion?  As in Egypt and in India, or forced
such as in Mesopotamia?

 
 

There are many different ways to describe what living a good life means.  Whether it is having religion, and living with morals, or having a law that greatly limits your ability to do bad.  Living a good life is mainly based on the society you are living in.  Although we imagine a good life a certain way, actually their view is much different. What is considered a good life in today society would not have been acceptable in the Egyptians society, but living a good life in the Mesopotamians society would not be considered to be a blessing in today’s standards. 

Differences in Islam and Christianity


 

Islam presents many difference doctrines.  One of the chief beliefs is that if you obey Muhammad’s translation of Allah, and convert you will be saved.  (Woh 276)  Another teaching I noticed was that your boss is responsible for your sins, if you sin while obeying him.  (WoH 90)  On the other hand if you sin of your own free will you are guilty.  (WoH 263)

            The religion of Islam resembles Christianity, except for the fact that they consider Jesus to be a prophet, where as Christians worship Jesus as God’s son.  Muslims also believe that Muhammad was the main prophet, but Christians don’t believe he was a prophet.

I believe that the differences are more important, because that is what defines the individual religions.  They share so many common factors, such as founding, heritage, and early beliefs, that with out the distinction you would have one religion.

Sentence Types


 Sentence types we learned in English.

IC. ===> IP, IC.
IC, FANBOYS IC. ===> IP, IC, FANBOYS IC.
IC, because IC. ===> IP, IC, because IC.
If IC, then IC. ===> IP, if IC, then IC.
Although IC, actually IC. ===> IP, although IC, actually IC.

_________; CA, __________. ===> IP, _________; CA, _________.

I feel sorry for those not here, because they missed a quiz; so, their class participation grade will suffer.

IP = Introductory Phrase.
*three types of introductory phrases:
•Conjunctive Adverb (CA): however, therefore, more, moreover, now, etc.

•Prepositional Phrase: groups of words beginning with preposition, like: in, on, after...
•Dependent Clause: “While the students were going to school,...”

They came to school today.
However, they came to school today. ===> IP, IC. = Conjunctive Adverb, IC.

On
6 August 1961, my mother was in pain, and she was not sure she wanted to have her last kid. ===> IP, IC, FANBOYS IC. = Prepositional Phrase, IC, FANBOYS IC.

While it was raining, I read a book, but I fell asleep before I could finish it. ===>
IP, IC, FANBOYS IC. = Dependent Clause, IC, FANBOYS IC.

Second Paper Notes

First Idea for paper, my actually paper turned out quite different, but this was a start.
 
 
 
 
How did violence play a role in conversions in the medieval ages?

 
Throughout the ages their have been many wars, most of them extremely bloody, and the majority of them avoidable.  All of them have their reasons, some of them noble many of them not.  One of the nobler series, in concept, were the crusades.  What makes these wars so special?  Was it how the soldiers presented Christianity to the people they conquered, or was Christianity presented to the returning soldiers, was the campaign really even about Christianity?

 

It was fought to convert people and conquer them

 Recaptured the holy land

It was fought in a land that had already been conquered and converted.

Outline

 

 

 

What topic?

 

Crusades

 

 

Why fought, in truth, what was the front (real reason)

 

“Many complicated impulses, religious, commercial, and political,” (AoWMA p.232)

 

 

Relieve pressure on Constantinople from Turks

Capture Holy Land    put Christians in charge

Accomplished very ineffectually at least did held Jerusalem for 90 yeast pushed Turks back miles

 

Did not have one leader

 

 

Who won?

 

Conquering Jerusalem and Antioch just barely

 

 

How did this impact conversions?

How did this spread religions?

How did this portray the Christians?

 

 

 

 

I.                 Intro

    A. Thesis

 

II point one

A.    ……

B.    …….

C.    …….

II  point two

A.    …..

B.    ……

C.    ……

 

II  point three

D.    …..

E.     ……

F.     ……